Translated from Spanish by: Sergio Ruiz Escarabajal & Silvia Domínguez Sánchez

Interpreting is the transmission of an oral speech from a specific language (source language) to a different one (target language). Although this activity is sometimes mistaken for translation, it requires a distinct set of skills and takes place in different contexts.

Interpreting is a very demanding job requiring deep knowledge in both languages and excellent communication skills, among other things. However, there is not only one type or modality of interpretation. Depending on the type of situation, the duration of the event, the available equipment, or other factors, one modality of interpretation or another will be required. In this article, we will comment on the various modalities and their differences:

1. Consecutive interpreting

In consecutive interpreting, the speaker gives a part of their speech, then the interpreter reenacts the same speech in the target language. Generally speaking, this takes place in alternating turns ranging from 10 to 15 minutes each. This interpreting modality is mainly employed for short talks, speeches, small presentations, etc.

Advantages and disadvantages

Consecutive interpreting entails repeating the speech asynchronously, which may provoke the event duration to elongate for about 75% extra time from the original discourse. Therefore, it might not be the best option if you are tight on time. When choosing consecutive interpreting, it is important to account for this extra time upon requesting the service.

On the other hand, this modality does not require any advanced technical equipment (interpreter booth, headsets, reception devices, etc.), with the resulting budgetary reduction that this entails.. It is for this reason that this modality is quite popular among those who need an interpreter for short events.

Therefore, this type of interpreting can be ideal for speeches where a speaker is to address a whole group of people at once, either for a short period of time or sporadically.

2. Simultaneous interpretation

Simultaneous interpretation, also called simultaneous translation, is the interpreting modality best known by the general public. It comprises the transmission of the speech that the speaker is giving to the target language synchronously, that is, at the same time. Interpreters are usually in a booth at the bottom of the room, and the audience is given headsets allowing them to listen to whichever language they prefer.

Advantages and disadvantages

Simultaneous interpreting is the most widely spread modality for conventions, talks and conferences due to its integration ease in the corresponding event. This type of interpreting does not extend event duration, as it takes place at the same time as the original speech, which means that there is no need to anticipate extra time. Moreover, this modality can be employed just as easily regardless of the number of attendants.

It is important to know that, simultaneous interpreting requires complex hardware equipment(booths, interpreting consoles, receivers and headsets for the public, etc.). This equipment shall be rent separately, which may entail an increase in the budget. Additionally, it requires set-up time in order to prepare the interpreting booths and consoles.

Therefore, simultaneous interpreting (or simultaneous translation) is the most appropriate option for long events or events expecting high attendance.

3. Bilateral interpreting, or liaison interpreting

Liaison interpreting (also called bilateral interpreting) differs from the two previous ones, since in this case the interpreter does not address an audiencebut rather one person or a few people. The interpreter also translates to both languages. For this modality, the interpreter stands (or sits) between the speakers who are going to have the conversation. The interpreter then interprets to both languages alternatively after each one speaks.

Advantages and disadvantages

Bilateral interpreting (or liaison interpreting) presents the advantage of not requiring any technical equipment, as no microphones or booths are needed for a small group of people. Likewise, it offers the possibility of holding the meeting or conversation in different languages (for instance, while a guided visit or a tour is taking place).

Nonetheless, this modality must be employed exclusively for reduced groups, as the interpreter acts as mediator between both parties of the conversation and is rather limited, regarding the number of participants.

Therefore, this interpreting modality is perfect for smaller meetings with fewer participants, such as sales visits, business meetings, relationships with foreign companies (online as well), etc.

4. Other modalities

We have covered the main modalities of interpretation, yet there are other less known but equally used types, such as the whispered interpretation or chuchotage, which is a variant of simultaneous interpreting in which the interpreter stays close to the person listening so they can “whisper”. Or simultaneous interpreting with Infoport, which features a simplified and portable version of the equipment.

At Lingua we understand the importance of clear and effective communication among different languages and cultures. That is why we offer interpreting services adapting to all your language needs.

If you have a project in mind, do not hesitate to contact us, we will be more than happy to help you.